Sources

• On the Difference Between Localization and Lateralization(1972)

      - G. Plenge(West Germany)



• Headphone Simulation of Free-field Listening
  I : Stimulus Synthesis(1989)



• Headphone Simulation of Free-field Listening
  II: Psychophysical Validation(1989)

      - Frederic L. Wightman and Doris J. Kistier 
        J. A coustical society of America 85, p858-67



• Active Localization of Virtual Sounds(1990)

      - Jack M. Loomis, Chick Hebert, Joseph G. Cicinelli



• Localization Using Nonindividualized Head-Related Transfer Function(1993)

      - Elizabeth M Wenzel, Marianne Arruda, Doris Kistler,
        Federic L. Wightman 
        SIGCHI'89, Presence 1(1), 80-107

Simulation History

• Evolution

    - Dummy Head -> Pinnae -> Canal -> eardrum



• 1972(Dummy Head Record)

    - Conclusion: whether lateralization or localization does
      not depend upon whether the sound is conveyed by 
      earphone or not



• Interaural Intensity Difference(IID)



• Interaural Time of Arrival Difference(ITD)